Nursing management of Nipah virus infection: A contemporary review

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly fatal emerging zoonotic infection that has caused recurrent outbreaks in India, particularly in Kerala. The virus, primarily harbored by fruit bats ( Pteropus species), is transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, contaminated food, or human-to-human transmission. The incubation period ranges from 4 to 14 days, with clinical manifestations varying from mild respiratory symptoms to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis, often associated with a case-fatality rate exceeding 70%. This review highlights the critical role of nursing management in preventing and controlling NiV infection. Nurses are central to the early identification of suspected cases, triage, and prompt isolation to prevent transmission. They ensure strict adherence to infection prevention and control practices, including appropriate use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and safe handling of biological samples. In addition, nurses play a key role in monitoring clinical status, providing supportive care, and assisting in emergency interventions for critically ill patients. Beyond clinical care, nurses contribute significantly to public health preparedness through community education, risk communication, contact tracing support, and psychosocial care for patients and families. Strengthening nursing capacity, ensuring occupational safety, and enhancing healthcare system preparedness through surveillance, early detection, and coordinated response mechanisms are essential to reduce mortality and prevent future outbreaks.