Research progress on the association between changes in the gut microbiota and cognitive impairment in special environments

<?A3B2 tlsb=.03w?>In recent years, the gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention in the field of neuroscience, and a close link has been established between the gut microbiota and cognitive function. Cognitive function is a key foundation for ensuring operational safety and efficiency, and maintaining its homeostasis is of critical importance for operational safety and performance in special environments. Special operational environments such as high-altitude, high-temperature, aerospace, and maritime diving can disrupt the balance of the gut microbiota, leading to damage to the intestinal barrier; related metabolic substances then trigger cognitive dysfunction via the gut-brain axis. This review focuses on the bidirectional regulatory relationship between the gut microbiota and cognitive function, emphasising the intrinsic links through which the gut microbiota influences cognitive function via neural, immune and metabolic pathways. It analyses changes in the gut microbiota and their impact on cognitive function under extreme conditions (such as high-altitude, high-temperature, aerospace and marine diving environments), as well as the application of various interventions—including probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, diet, exercise and hyperoxia in improving cognitive function, with the aim of providing a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction induced by extreme environments. <alternatives id="alt3"> </alternatives>