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June 19, 2026Birth Defects Research

Prevalence, Temporal Trends, Diversity, and Associated Risk Factors of Isolated Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate: A 20‐Year Retrospective Hospital‐Based Study in Iran (2003–2023)

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Authors

AKAbdoljalil Kalantar‐HormoziShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesRMReza MotallebiGolestan UniversityMAMehdi AbrishamiIslamic Azad University, Isfahan

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Implication

Retrospective analysis reveals trends and risk factors for isolated cleft lip/palate in Iran, indicating modifiable maternal risks.

Key Points

  • This study aims to assess the prevalence, trends, and associated risk factors of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Iran over two decades.
  • Retrospective analysis of 767 isolated CL/P cases from 620,000 live births between 2003 to 2023 in Tehran, Iran.
  • Data extracted from anonymized medical records focused on demographic, perinatal, and clinical variables.
  • Prevalence calculated per 10,000 live births, with logistic regression used to assess associations.
  • Prevalence of isolated CL/P is 1.24 per 1000 live births (95% CI: 1.15–1.33), with a male predominance of 59.7%.
  • Significant non-linear temporal patterns in prevalence were found, peaking in the mid-2010s (p = 0.045).
  • Maternal smoking and obesity were identified as significant risk factors with adjusted odds ratios of 1.52 and 1.37, respectively.

Cite This Study

Kalantar‐Hormozi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a34dff765a5b0777af2ef10https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.70079
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth defects in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis2014 · 47 citations
  2. 2Classification Systems of Cleft Lip, Alveolus and Palate: Results of an International Survey2021 · 54 citations
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  4. 4Maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity and risk of birth defects in offspring: Population‐based cohort study2024 · 10 citations
  5. 5Maternal Obesity and Risk for Birth Defects2003 · 639 citations