From Traditional to Innovational: A Review and Comparison Study ofConventional and Green Extraction Techniques

Therapeutic phytochemicals, which are utilised in the creation of novel medications, are abundant in medicinal plants. These secondary metabolites, which are utilised in a variety of industries, including flavourings, cosmetics, preservatives, anti-inflammatories, antiseptics, and sedatives, are produced from primary metabolites via a variety of processes. Extraction techniques are essential for separating medicinally active ingredients, including phytochemicals, employing solvents in accordance with established protocols. The long extraction time, low yield, nutritional loss, high energy consumption, and lack of cost-effectiveness are some of the disadvantages of traditional methods. Reduced time requirements, improved extraction yields, energy efficiency, and reduced solvent usage are some benefits of using green extraction techniques. Food companies use high-pressure, microwave, and ultrasonic technology to extend shelf life. Volatile chemicals are extracted from aromatic plants using a process called simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE). The goal of green extraction methods is to reduce the negative environmental effects of traditional extraction methods, which usually use dangerous or harmful solvents. The use of solvent-free techniques to update traditional methods that depend on the extraction of petroleum solvents has grown significantly. The efficiency, efficacy, technique selection, productivity, and energy consumption of green approaches are all being assessed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which is essential for the production of functional foods and dietary supplements, is being utilised more and more to extract antioxidant chemicals from garbage. An essential method for obtaining the maximum extract yield and total phenolic content from apple pomace is ultrasound-assisted extraction.