Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Trajectory and Long-Term Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Myocardial Infarction

Figure 1. Study Flowchart Flowchart illustrating inclusion and exclusion criteria. The final study population eligible for analysis consisted of 13,439 patients. decEF = decreased from preserved to reduced LVEF; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NSTEMI = non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; pEF = consistently preserved LVEF; recEF = recovered LVEF; redEF = consistently reduced LVEF; SCAAR = Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; UCSD = UC San Diego.

Figure 2. Unadjusted Heart Failure Hospitalization by Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Trajectory Cumulative incidence curves of heart failure hospitalization during a 2000-day follow-up. Results are presented for (left) patients from SCAAR and (right) patients from UCSD. Outcome is stratified by LVEF trajectory. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

Figure 3. Forest Plot of Unadjusted and Adjusted Mortality and Heart Failure Hospitalization All-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization were assessed as outcomes using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models at 2000-day follow-up. The multivariable model included the following variables: age, sex, registry (UCSD or SCAAR), hypertension, previous MI, diabetes mellitus, indication (NSTEMI or STEMI), angiographic findings, and previous CABG. Results are presented as HRs with 95% CIs and P values. CABG = coronary artery bypass graft surgery; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.

Figure 4. Unadjusted All-Cause Mortality by Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Trajectory Cumulative incidence curves of all-cause mortality during a 2000-day follow-up. Results are presented for (left) patients from SCAAR and (right) patients from UCSD. Outcome is stratified by LVEF trajectory. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

Central Illustration. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Trajectory and Long-Term Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Myocardial Infarction (Top) Sankey diagram illustrating left ventricular ejection fraction trajectory from baseline (left) to follow-up echocardiography (right). The width of each line reflects the proportion of patients in each group. (Bottom Left) Cumulative incidence curves of heart failure hospitalization during a 2000-day follow-up across LVEF trajectory groups. (Bottom Right) Cumulative incidence curves of all-cause mortality during a 2000-day follow-up across LVEF trajectory groups. MI = myocardial infarction; NCDR = National Cardiovascular Data Registry; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.