Role-specific patterns of work-related musculoskeletal disorders across nursing settings: a comparative study of operating room, intensive care unit, and ward nurses

Background Nurses are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. While previous studies often focus on single populations, comparative data across different specialties, including Operating Room, Intensive Care Unit, and General Ward, are limited. This study aimed to compare the prevalence patterns of work-related musculoskeletal disorders across these three distinct nursing roles. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 128 nurses (43 operating room nurses, 42 intensive care unit nurses, and 43 ward nurses). Data were collected using the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and a demographic/occupational questionnaire. Differences in prevalence across groups were analyzed using Chi-square tests. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify role-specific risks for anatomical regions with a total positive case count exceeding 45 to ensure model stability. Results Significant differences in work-related musculoskeletal disorders prevalence were observed across the three groups. Operating room nurses had the highest prevalence of neck (74.4%) and shoulder (69.8%) disorders. Ward nurses exhibited the highest prevalence of lower back (74.4%) and knee (51.2%) disorders. Intensive care unit nurses showed a mixed pattern, intermediate between the other two groups. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed these role-specific risks. Compared to ward nurses, operating room nurses had significantly higher odds of neck work-related musculoskeletal disorders (OR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.70–13.40, p = 0.003) and shoulder work-related musculoskeletal disorders (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.50–10.01, p = 0.006). Conversely, operating room nurses had significantly lower odds of knee work-related musculoskeletal disorders compared to ward nurses (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09–0.65, p = 0.006). Conclusions Different nursing roles are associated with distinct work-related musculoskeletal disorders patterns, reflecting their unique ergonomic exposures. Operating room nurses are predominantly at risk for upper quadrant disorders (neck/shoulders), while ward nurses face higher risks in the lower body (knees/lower back). These findings underscore the need for role-specific ergonomic interventions and preventive strategies in nursing practice.