Challenges and Opportunities of Train Driving Automation in Open Networks: Train Drivers’ Insights

Train drivers carry out essential tasks that go beyond following signals and timetables, including multiple unwritten responsibilities that support smooth operations and the safety of passengers, goods, and infrastructure. As automation advances, many of these tasks are increasingly supported or replaced by automated systems, especially in closed networks, with similar developments now emerging in open networks. This study investigates the implications of train driving automation in open networks by examining the experiences and perspectives of licensed train drivers. Using 28 semistructured interviews, the research explores both the challenges of current operational practices and the opportunities and concerns associated with emerging automation technologies. The findings indicate that automation is expected to mitigate several existing operational challenges but may also create new challenges due to the complexity and variability of open-network environments. Drivers perceived automation technologies as decision-support and decision-making tools, while their opinions varied—some indicated they would embrace the changes, while others were resistant or expressed dislike. The study recommends a hybrid approach, where the driver remains onboard (seen in GoA2&3) as a promising path forward. This research was conducted in connection with Europe’s Rail FutuRe project (FP6).