Demonstrates efficient synthesis of spiro compounds in organic chemistry, suggesting new pathways for complex molecules.
Asymmetric synthesis of spiro [indoline‐3,1′‐pyrazolo[1,2‐ a ] pyridazine] derivatives was first developed through an organocatalysed domino Knoevenagel/Michael/cyclization reaction using a quinine‐derived squaramide. Under the optimized conditions, the three‐component reaction of isatins, the active methylene compounds and maleic hydrazide yields the new type of spiro‐heterocycle compounds in middle yields (55%–70%) with up to 98% enantiomer excess (ee).
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Song et al. (2026) studied this question.
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