Evaluation of GCF Adiponectin and Resistin Expression Level as an Indicator in Periodontal Staging and Grading After Periodontal Therapy in Class III Obese Patients

Background The current trial aimed to assess the effects of phase I periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) adiponectin and resistin levels in obese individuals with varying stages and grades of periodontitis. The feasibility of using adiponectin and resistin in a periodontitis staging and grading classification system was being evaluated. Materials and Methods This prospective clinical study was carried out on 60 class Ⅲ obese periodontitis patients who were divided equally into group І, first stage, grade B periodontitis; group Ⅱ, second stage, grade B periodontitis; group Ⅲ, third stage, grade B periodontitis; and group Ⅳ, fourth stage, grade C periodontitis. Body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, and periodontal indices were assessed, and GCF was collected and analyzed for adiponectin and resistin, before and 3 months after treatment. Results A positive correlation was observed between BMI/HbA1c and periodontal disease stages. After periodontal therapy, adiponectin and resistin levels were obviously affected. In group Ⅲ resistin decreases from 25.68 ± 0.89 to 14.68 ± 1.54 ng/mL, adiponectin rose from 155.8 ± 39.7 to 435.8 ± 49.2 ng/mL. In group Ⅳ, resistin decreased from 53.2 ± 1.1 to 20.3 ± 2.03 ng/mL, and adiponectin increased from 104.41 ± 8.87 to 543.21 ± 36.81 ng/mL. There were no statistically significant correlations between clinical attachment level (CAL) and adiponectin/resistin. In grade B periodontitis, resistin decreased from 17.25 ± 6.1 to 13.5 ± 1.39 ng/mL after periodontal therapy. Adiponectin rose from 257.27 ± 84.26 to 355.61 ± 72.4 ng/mL. In grade C periodontitis, resistin expression was lower, from 53.2 ± 1.1 to 20.37 ± 2.03 ng/mL, whereas adiponectin was elevated from 104.41 ± 8.8 to 543.21 ± 36.81 ng/mL after 3 months of periodontal control treatment. Conclusion Adiponectin and resistin were significantly affected after periodontal therapy, especially in stage 3 and stage 4 periodontitis. Adiponectin can be used as an intermediary for periodontitis grading.