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June 20, 2026NutrientsOpen Access

Nutritional Monitoring During Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: Body Composition and Metabolic Implications

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Authors

MTMartina TosiFLFabrizia LissoFMFrancesco Maruca

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Overview

Narrative review evaluates body composition and metabolic changes during hormone therapy, suggesting improved nutritional assessment.

Key Points

  • This review aims to synthesize the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on body composition and metabolism while addressing nutritional assessment challenges.
  • Conducted a narrative literature review using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science.
  • Focused on longitudinal and mechanistic studies, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines regarding GAHT impacts.
  • Evaluated methodological limitations in current nutritional assessments.
  • GAHT leads to sex steroid-related changes in body composition, with testosterone increasing lean body mass and estrogen affecting fat distribution.
  • Transgender men exhibited decreased fat mass but possible increases in visceral adiposity, while transgender women showed varied metabolic responses.
  • Common assessment tools inadequately reflect the dynamic changes in body composition and functional outcomes, indicating a need for improved methods.

Cite This Study

Tosi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a362f92db0793dc1a536ef0https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121967
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Body composition following gender affirming hormone therapy in transgender individuals2025 · 1 citations
  2. 2Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment and Metabolic Syndrome Among Transgender Veterans2024 · 22 citations
  3. 3Change in Visceral Fat and Total Body Fat and the Effect on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors During Transgender Hormone Therapy2021 · 67 citations
  4. 4Bone Mineral Density Increases in Trans Persons After 1 Year of Hormonal Treatment: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study2017 · 81 citations
  5. 5Assessment of body composition in active and controlled acromegaly by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry2025 · 1 citations