Implementation of high-data rate all-optical NAND, XNOR, NOR logic gates with high speed and low insertion losses

The function of optical devices has improved very quickly in comparison to electronic circuits, due to the quick process of optical devices with the fastest speed of operation. Optical structures may be combined with optical logic gates. NAND, XNOR and NOR (NXN) logic gate are employed through a single shared structural design rather than having separate structures for each of the NAND, XNOR and NOR logic gates. However, these designs occupy a very small area of approximately 81 μm 2 , utilizing a 2-dimensional (2D) square lattice photonic crystal waveguide (PhCWs) as air background. Therefore, the proposed design has been implemented on a single NXN structural design rather than multiple separate structural designs as has been reported to date. The advantages of the proposed NXN structure include low insertion loss (IL) of 0.008 dB, ∼99 % transmittance, and a high extinction ratio (ER) of 22.9 dB. Including with mentioned advantages proposed design achieves ultrafast response and high data rates are 0.088 ps and 11.36 Tbps respectively. Because of these value-added figures, the proposed NXN structure can be used for high-performance optical computing devices.