Modern morphological concepts of periprosthetic joint infection in traumatology and orthopedics

With the increase in the number of orthopedic surgeries, such as knee and hip replacement, the risk of peri-implant infection also increases. According to various registries, the number of such interventions continues to grow, making the problem of infections particularly relevant. Morphological assessment of peri-implant tissues, primarily the peri-implant membrane, has become routine practice and is used as one of the diagnostic criteria for infection. This review summarizes the main morphological changes in the peri-implant membrane formed at the bone/implant interface, presents the pathogenetic mechanisms of peri-implant osteolysis, and shows the main mechanisms of microorganism persistence in peri-implant infection.