Gut microbiome influences the efficacy of neuropsychiatric drugs

The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms, comprising approximately 3.8 × 10¹³ bacteria, along with viruses, fungi, and archaea, whose collective genes outnumber those of the host by more than 100-fold.These organisms have their roles in keeping the host healthy. 1,2Over 95% of gut microbiota includes Enterobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes. 3 Lactobacillus, Bacillus,, Enterococcus, Clostridium and Ruminococcus, are among the more than 200 genera that make up the Firmicutes.Bacteroidetes mainly include Bacteroides and Prevotella, whereas Actinobacteria, though less abundant, is largely represented by Bifidobacterium in the gut. 3,4ven the complexity and importance of the gut microbiome, perturbations in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) can profoundly affect the host's health.Oral medications can induce dysbiosis, which may act as both a cause and consequence of various disorders.Dysbiosis reduces the quantity of good bacteria, leading to poor production of energy, bile acid, carbohydrate fermentation, and other important metabolic functions that take place because of this.