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Review article examines menstrual cycle regulation, integrating ovarian and uterine signals to enhance diagnostics.
Background: Menstrual-cycle regulation is a core topic in gynecology because irregularity, pain and abnormal bleeding often reveal endocrine or structural disease. Objective: This article reviews the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, ovarian and uterine cycles, and functional diagnostic tests. Methods: International epidemiological sources and clinical review evidence were synthesized in an IMRAD format. Results: The menstrual cycle reflects coordinated follicular development, ovulation, luteal function and endometrial transformation; basal temperature, ultrasound folliculometry, hormonal assays and ovulation tests provide complementary information. Discussion: Functional tests are useful only when interpreted with history and clinical context. Conclusion: Cycle assessment should move beyond calendar counting toward integrated endocrine and endometrial reasoning.
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Xo'jamberdiyeva et al. (2026) studied this question.
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