Review reveals complex neuroendocrine pathways and tissue remodeling governing the human menstrual cycle, highlighting key clinical diagnostic frameworks for reproductive dysfunction.
The human menstrual cycle is a highly coordinated, cyclical physiological process governed by intricate neuroendocrine interactions and morphological adaptations within the female reproductive tract. Designed to optimize the conditions for gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryonic implantation, this system operates under tight regulatory control. This comprehensive review utilizes the standard IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) format to break down the anatomical, cellular, and hormonal drivers of the menstrual cycle. By evaluating the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis dynamics, tissue structural shifts, and clinical dysfunction indicators, this paper aims to serve as a detailed reference for understanding female reproductive endocrinology.
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Tillayeva et al. (2026) studied this question.
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