A Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoid Model that Preserves Intra- and Intertumoral Heterogeneity

Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive brain tumor characterized by extensive heterogeneity. We aimed to generate patient-derived GB organoids preserving histological features and to establish a biobank for future studies. Materials and Methods: Tumor tissues from GB patients were dissected into 0.5–1 mm fragments and cultured for 14 days in organoid medium under orbital shaking. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess GFAP, OLIG2, IDH-1, p53, ATRX, and Ki67 expression before and after organoid formation. Results: All tumor samples formed spherical organoids within 14 days. Histological analysis showed preservation of GB-specific morphological features, including nuclear atypia and pleomorphism. GFAP, OLIG2, and ATRX expression patterns were concordant between parental tumors and organoids in cases. IDH-1 expression was consistent in three patients. Ki67 and p53 expression levels showed similar patterns between organoids and corresponding tumors. Conclusion: Patient-derived GB organoids retain key histopathological features and may serve as a platform for GB modeling.