Hypertension and frailty in older adults: a bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping based on Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed (1973–2025)

Figures

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  Figure 1. Annual publication trends in hypertension and frailty research.

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  Figure 2. Contributions of authors, journals, and institutions in hypertension and frailty research. (A) (Authors): identifies leading researchers in the field and shows the diversity of contributors across different regions. (B) (Journals): highlights which journals are most frequently publishing research on hypertension and frailty, which is useful for understanding where the bulk of this research is disseminated. (C) (Institutions): displays the leading institutions contributing to research in this field, reflecting the importance of certain academic and medical centers in advancing knowledge on hypertension and frailty.

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  Figure 3. Keyword analysis of hypertension and frailty research. (A) Presents a word cloud showing the most frequent keywords related to hypertension and frailty research. (B) Displays a treemap representation of the same keywords, showing their respective frequency as percentages of the total.

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  Figure 4. Institutional collaboration network and keyword co-occurrence map in hypertension–frailty research (VOSviewer visualization). (A) Institutional collaboration network. Nodes represent institutions, with larger nodes indicating higher publication output. Links denote collaborative relationships; thicker/denser links indicate stronger collaboration. Colors indicate collaboration clusters (communities). (B) Keyword co-occurrence network. Nodes represent keywords, with larger nodes indicating higher occurrence frequency. Links denote co-occurrence relationships; thicker links indicate stronger co-occurrence. Colors indicate thematic clusters, highlighting major research foci such as hypertension management and blood pressure monitoring, frailty assessment and functional metrics (e.g., grip strength, gait speed, body composition), and outcomes/complications (e.g., hospitalization, mortality, acute kidney injury).

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  Figure 5. Keyword clustering and citation-burst analysis of hypertension–frailty research (CiteSpace visualization, 2015–2025). (A) Keyword clustering map. Each colored region represents a keyword cluster (topic community). Major clusters include #0 Physical activity, #1 Cognitive function, #2 Hypertension management, #3 5-item frailty index, #4 Frailty index, #5 Aortic valve replacement, #6 Navigating complexity, and #7 Successful aging, reflecting the main thematic structure of the field. (B) Top 25 keywords with the strongest citation bursts. The table lists burst strength and the start/end years of each burst. Red segments indicate the time window during which a keyword experienced a rapid increase in citations, highlighting emerging or intensifying research frontiers during 2015–2025.

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  Figure 6. Top 10 most cited authors, journals, and countries in hypertension and frailty research. (A) Shows the top 10 most cited authors in the field of hypertension and frailty research. (B) Presents the top 10 most cited journals in the same research field. (C) Illustrates the top 10 most cited countries.