Feminization of Primary Education: Gendered Structures, Occupational Dynamics, and Socio-Cultural Implications

The feminization of primary education is a global phenomenon characterized by the increasing predominance of women in teaching, particularly at the primary school level. This study understands feminization as a complex process shaped by socio-cultural norms, economic factors, and institutional frameworks. Drawing on feminist theory and social role theory, it examines how teaching has been framed as a gendered profession centered on care and nurturing. Using a qualitative analysis of secondary data, the study identifies key factors, including caregiving expectations, the declining status of the profession, and workforce dynamics within teaching and learning practices. Although feminization expands employment opportunities for women and contributes to supportive classroom environments, it may also contribute to the devaluation of the teaching profession and reduced gender diversity within the workforce.