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June 28, 2026American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Acute Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Mimicking T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in the Brazilian Amazon: A Case Report and Narrative Review of Latin American Cases

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Authors

IFIzabela Cabral FreitasUniversidade do Estado do AmazonasFSFelipe Araujo SantosFundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do AmazonasUPUzamôr Henrique Soares PessoaFundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas

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Implication

Case report reveals diagnostic delay in adult t-cell leukemia in the Brazilian Amazon, suggesting need for better detection strategies.

Key Points

  • This report aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges faced in identifying acute adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) mimicking T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.
  • Case report of an elderly patient from the Brazilian Amazon diagnosed with acute ATLL after initial misdiagnosis.
  • Peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations were performed, leading to serological testing for HTLV-1.
  • A narrative review was conducted on reported ATLL cases in Latin America to analyze frequency and presentation.
  • Acute ATLL was confirmed with characteristic 'flower cells' and HTLV-1 infection through immunoassay and western blot.
  • The case highlights significant diagnostic delays due to overlapping features with other T-cell neoplasms.
  • The narrative review emphasized high mortality rates and challenges in diagnosing ATLL in endemic regions.

Cite This Study

Freitas et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a40b92b61bb0a67205c5880https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.26-0108
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Outcomes of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma at a university and a public cancer center in Brazil2026
  2. 2A review of cutaneous manifestations of HTLV-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma2025 · 3 citations
  3. 3Lymphomatous-type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma associated with HTLV-1 presenting as chronic respiratory illness in a young adult: a case report2026
  4. 4274 Unexpected Morphology of Lymphomatous Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in an Afro-Caribbean Patient2025
  5. 5Clinical Features and Survival Outcome in Aggressive-Type Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Patients: Real-Life Experience of a Single Center from an HTLV-1 Endemic Country2024 · 2 citations