Framework paper explores CMB and BAO features in an eternal universe, suggesting new interpretations and implications.
The acoustic peak hierarchy in the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature anisotropy power spectrum and the baryon acoustic oscillation feature in large-scale galaxy clustering are widely treated as among the strongest observational supports of the standard Lambda-CDM cosmological framework. In the standard interpretation, both are fossil signatures of pressure oscillations in a tightly coupled photon-baryon plasma prior to recombination, preserved from a finite-age Big Bang universe. The present paper accepts the observational reality of both features but disputes two claims: first, that these observations uniquely require a singular Big Bang origin; and second, that the BAO scale of approximately 490 million light years is a raw observation rather than a measurement processed through the assumed FLRW expansion history. Within the Big Flare-Up Theory, the universe is spatially infinite, temporally eternal, and dynamically active. The present paper develops a steady-state alternative in which structured spectra arise as long-term statistical outcomes of ongoing shell-like and ripple-like structure generation balanced against scale-dependent damping. A power-balance master equation dP/dt = I - DP yields P(k) = I(k)/D(k) in statistical steady state. Shell geometry naturally generates the oscillatory Fourier factor [sin(kR)/(kR)]^2, providing a mathematically explicit route to BAO-like wiggles without invoking a singular origin. A microphysical layer is added in which Thomson scattering with confirmed cross-section sigma_T = 6.6524 x 10^-29 m^2 and diffusion-like Silk damping continue to operate in present ionised media, with coupling rate Gamma_T = n_e sigma_T c and damping coefficient D_diff = c/(3 n_e sigma_T). These confirm that the same class of microphysics that the standard model invokes as unique to recombination operates in the ongoing universe, materially weakening the uniqueness claim. A current-universe Jeans-length estimate yields a preferred scale within approximately 7% of the observed BAO ruler using only present measured quantities and no assumed expansion history. A concrete CMB-star-formation-rate cross-correlation prediction is derived with formula C_lCMB x SFR = (3 n_e^2 sigma_T^2 / k^2) x b_SFR x P_matter(k), testable with CMB-S4. The paper is presented as a framework and mechanism paper, not a final precision-fit replacement for the standard Boltzmann-code description.
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Vijay Shankar Sharma (2026) studied this question.
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