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Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of arrays of wind turbines in the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer with many turbines often require simplified models for the effects of individual turbines,in order to avoid having to use very fine grid spacings near the individual (moving) turbine blades. This goal can be accomplished using the actuator disk model. This approach,ho wever,raises several issues when implemented in the context of LES. In particular,the question is raised of which reference velocity should be used when parameterizing the induced forces: instantaneous versus time averaged,undisturb ed velocity or the local one. Also,one may consider including tangential forces to represent the angular momentum in the wakes. In this paper we present several arguments to make the appropriate choices,and illustrate the effects of these choices in LES of two wind turbine arrays, one with an aligned and one with a staggered arrangement. Predicted power outputs,as well as features of the predicted flow fields are analyzed. Copyright © 2010 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
Meyers et al. (Mon,) studied this question.