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The rapid growth of information technology has accelerated the expansion of E-commerce and online shopping, making Last-mile Delivery a critical component in ensuring timely product access for end consumers. This research proposes a blockchain-based ecosystem that supports a sustainable and focuses on service-oriented last-mile delivery model. It involves four key stakeholders: customers, retailers, fleet carriers, and optimization specialists (miners). The model leverages blockchain features such as transparency, traceability, agile planning, and secure claim management during delivery. It also supports reverse logistics for product recycling, enhancing environmental sustainability. The proposed "Green Blockchain Ecosystem" is implemented as an open-source project on public repository, and its operational workflow from order to delivery is analysed, including stakeholder interactions and transactions. The paper also examines stakeholder data access control and evaluates the model’s financial and environmental impact through a numerical analysis.
Mofatteh et al. (Tue,) studied this question.