The impact of end-stage kidney disease on mortality in patients after acute myocardial infarction: A nationwide study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Flowchart outlining the various study cohorts. There were 186 326 patients in Taiwan between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012, with first-time diagnosis of AMI. From this group, patients who were aged ≤18 years and who had had file record error were excluded, leaving 186 112 patients. Among these 186 112 patients, 8056 patients had ESKD, and the other 178 056 patients did not have ESKD. One-to-one propensity score matching of sex, age, comorbidities, and coronary interventions was performed to minimize baseline differences between the two groups. AMI = acute myocardial infarction; ESKD = end-stage kidney disease; ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.

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  Fig. 2. Kaplan-Meier curve for survival after a first-time of AMI for all patients. Overall, the survival rates were lower in the ESKD group (log-rank p < 0.0001). AMI = acute myocardial infarction; ESKD = end-stage kidney disease.

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  Fig. 3. Kaplan-Meier curve of survival after a first-time of AMI for sex and age subgroups. Overall, the survival rates were lower in ESKD patients in the male subgroup (A, log-rank p < 0.0001), in the female subgroup (B, log-rank p < 0.0001), in the “age < 65 years” subgroup (C, log-rank p < 0.0001), and in the “age ≥ 65 years” subgroup (D, log-rank p < 0.0001). AMI = acute myocardial infarction; ESKD = end-stage kidney disease.

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  Fig. 4. Kaplan-Meier curve of survival after first-time of AMI for PCI and CABG subgroups. Overall, the survival rates were lower in the “with PCI” subgroup (A, log-rank p < 0.0001), in the “without PCI” subgroup (B, log-rank p < 0.0001), in the “with CABG” subgroup (C, log-rank p < 0.0001), and in the “without CABG” subgroup (D, log-rank p < 0.0001). AMI = acute myocardial infarction; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; ESKD = end-stage kidney disease; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.

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  Fig. 5. Forest plot of HRs and p for interaction for various characteristics in patients with or without ESKD. ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; DM = diabetes mellitus; ESKD = end-stage kidney disease; HF = heart failure; HR = hazard ratio; HTN = hypertension; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD = peripheral vascular disease.