Association between rheumatoid arthritis and atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with a varying range of organs involved leading to adverse outcomes. However, very little is known, with conflicting results about the association between RA and atrial fibrillation (AF). We aim to evaluate the association between RA and AF, and other clinical outcomes. We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for relevant articles from inception until September 10, 2023. Primary clinical outcomes were AF. Secondary outcomes were acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, and all‐cause mortality (ACM). A total of 4 679 930 patients were included in the analysis, with 81 677 patients in the RA group and 4 493 993 patients in the nonrheumatoid arthritis (NRA) group. The mean age of the patients was 57.2 years. Pooled analysis of primary outcomes shows that RA groups of patients had a significantly higher risk of AF (odds ratios [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.16–2.03], p < .001) compared with NRA groups. Secondary Outcomes show that the RA group of patients had significantly higher odds of ACS (OR, 1.39; 95% CI: [1.26–1.52], p < .001), and ACM (OR, 1.19; 95% CI: [1.03–1.37], p = .02) compared with the NRA groups. However, the likelihood of stroke (OR, 1.02; 95% CI: [0.94–1.11], p = .61) was comparable between both groups of patients. Our study shows that RA groups of patients are at increased risk of having AF, ACS, and ACM.