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June 28, 2026Open Access

Interpreting PPPs under a Dual Exchange-Rate System: Evidence from Turkmenistan

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Key Points

The aim is to explore the relationship between PPPs and exchange rates in Turkmenistan's dual rate system.
Conducted an exploratory price survey.
Analyzed discrepancies between economic transactions and represented PPPs.
Discussed implications for international comparisons based on matching PPPs with exchange rates.
Found that using a parallel-market exchange rate can lead to an underestimated price level.
Identified a mismatch between the economic transactions represented by PPPs and exchange rates.
Argued for the necessity of aligning PPPs with their intended economic contexts.

Implication

Exploratory note examines PPP price levels in Turkmenistan, suggesting improved economic transaction matching.

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Cite This Study

Koji Nomura (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a435c38759b888809a52c2d https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20993060

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