Key result
High-fructose diet induces diastolic dysfunction alongside early cardiac lipidome and proteome remodeling in rats.
Why the study?
Prediabetes increases cardiovascular risk and is often driven by excessive carbohydrate intake, prompting investigation into how a fructose-enriched diet affects cardiac function, lipidome, and proteome.
Does a fructose-enriched diet induce early cardiac dysfunction and metabolic remodeling in a rat model of prediabetes?
Does a fructose-enriched diet induce early cardiac dysfunction and metabolic remodeling in a rat model of prediabetes?
Even in the very early stages of diet-induced prediabetes, the heart undergoes significant structural lipidome alterations and proteome adaptive responses leading to diastolic dysfunction before macroscopic cell damage occurs.
Early lipid-proteome remodeling precedes oxidative stress in this rat model; leaves open human prediabetes mechanisms and prevention strategies.
Prediabetes is a condition affecting more than 35% of the population. In some forms, excessive carbohydrate intake (primarily refined sugar) plays a prominent role. Prediabetes is a symptomless, mostly unrecognized disease which increases cardiovascular risk. In our work, we examined the effect of a fructose-enriched diet on cardiac function and lipidome as well as proteome of cardiac muscle. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The control group received a normal diet while the fructose-fed group received 60% fructose-supplemented chow for 24 weeks. Fasting blood glucose measurement and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed slightly but significantly elevated values due to fructose feeding indicating development of a prediabetic condition. Both echocardiography and isolated working heart perfusion performed at the end of the feeding protocol demonstrated diastolic cardiac dysfunction in the fructose-fed group. Mass spectrometry-based, high-performance lipidomic and proteomic analyses were executed from cardiac tissue. The lipidomic analysis revealed complex rearrangement of the whole lipidome with special emphasis on defects in cardiolipin remodeling. The proteomic analysis showed significant changes in 75 cardiac proteins due to fructose feeding including mitochondria-, apoptosis-, and oxidative stress-related proteins. Nevertheless, just very weak or no signs of apoptosis induction and oxidative stress were detected in the hearts of fructose-fed rats. Our results suggest that fructose feeding induces marked alterations in the cardiac lipidome, especially in cardiolipin remodeling, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cardiac function. However, at the same time, several adaptive responses are induced at the proteome level in order to maintain a homeostatic balance. These findings demonstrate that even very early stages of prediabetes can impair cardiac function and can result in significant changes in the lipidome and proteome of the heart prior to the development of excessive oxidative stress and cell damage.
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Szűcs et al. (2019) studied Prediabetes (n=16). 60% fructose-enriched diet vs. Standard laboratory chow was evaluated on Cardiac lipidome and proteome alterations and cardiac function. A 24-week fructose-enriched diet induced prediabetes and diastolic dysfunction in rats, accompanied by significant alterations in the cardiac lipidome (cardiolipin remodeling) and proteome (75 altered proteins) prior to extensive oxidative stress.
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