The use of dental implants (DIs) as support for restoring dental arch defects is increasingly becoming the method of choice in orthopedic dental rehabilitation. DIs significantly reduce occlusal loads on natural teeth, helping to maintain their functionality. The periodontium, with its extensive sensory innervation, is a key receptor site in the oral cavity. Periodontal mechanoreceptors are responsible for a wide range of sensations: pain, tactile perception, pressure, determination of tooth position, and proprioception. In clinical settings, to compensate for the difference in sensory potential between dental implants and natural teeth, it is common practice to reduce occlusal loads by decreasing the density of contacts. Research devoted to the analysis of occlusal relationships within the framework of this concept is limited. Objectives. Systematization and analysis of modern scientific data on the biomechanical principles of interaction between natural teeth and dental implants, as well as assessment of the impact of various types of dental defects on the distribution of chewing load. Methodology. To conduct the literature review, we searched and examined original articles and patents in the following databases: eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The primary selection of materials was based on keywords. Publications from 2015 to 2025 were considered. Results. The implant exhibits high resistance to chewing pressure, with less physiological mobility than natural teeth, while exerting occlusal pressure on the opposing tooth, resulting in force dominance. This interaction can lead to traumatic damage to the periodontal tissue of the opposing teeth, with possible destruction of the natural crown and the prosthetic crown. Conclusions. Correct reconstruction of the morphometric parameters of teeth and dental arches, along with precise modeling of dentures, will normalize the biomechanics of the masticatory system and restore the functioning of the neuromuscular mechanisms of the stomatognathic complex.
Stafeev et al. (Mon,) studied this question.