Solid Dispersion Technology in Tablet Formulation: Principles, Preparation Methods, and Pharmaceutical Applications

Poor aqueous solubility limits the oral bioavailability of many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Solid dispersion technology has emerged as one of the most successful formulation strategies to improve dissolution rate and oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. In tablet formulations, solid dispersions combine enhanced drug release with the convenience, stability, and patient acceptance of oral solid dosage forms. This manuscript reviews the principles, classification, carriers, preparation methods, characterization techniques, tablet formulation strategies, pharmaceutical applications, commercial products, challenges, and future prospects of solid dispersion technology.