Pongamol as a Nootropic Agent: Experimental Evaluation of Its Memory-Enhancing Effects in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia

The goal of the current study was to assess Pongamol's nootropic and anti-amnesic properties against Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Swiss albino mice. Scopolamine, a well-known cholinergic antagonist that causes oxidative stress and memory impairment, was used to induce amnesia. Pongamol's nootropic activity was evaluated utilizing behavioral models such as the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Morris Water Maze (MWM). In brain tissue homogenate, biochemical measurements such total protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were also assessed. Animals treated with scopolamine exhibited reduced protein content, increased AChE activity, raised MDA levels, and marked learning and memory impairment. In a dose-dependent fashion, Pongamol treatment at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg greatly enhanced cognitive function. In behavioral experiments, pongamol improved memory retention while lowering escape and transfer delay. Additionally, it greatly decreased oxidative stress, restored protein levels, and inhibited AChE activity. The effects of the larger dose (100 mg/kg) were similar to those of citicoline. According to the research, pongamol may be a viable natural treatment option for neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease because it has strong nootropic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties through cholinergic and antioxidant pathways.