Tuberculosis in pregnancy: Challenges of immune protection

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting individuals of all ages and sex. Individuals with altered immune responses, including pregnant women and people with HIV infection, are particularly vulnerable to TB. The increased risk posed by TB in these groups can be explained by the epidemiology and pathogenesis of TB and their immune responses to M. tuberculosis. We highlight knowledge gaps that may hinder optimal treatment and prevention of TB in pregnant women with and without HIV.