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July 2, 2026

Input, interaction, and output

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Authors

KJKeith Johnson

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Overview

Chapter discusses input, interaction, and output impacting foreign language teaching, highlighting key hypotheses.

Key Points

  • The chapter aims to explore the essential concepts of input, interaction, and output in language acquisition and their implications for foreign language teaching.
  • Examines caretaker talk and how it provides comprehensible input for language learners.
  • Discusses Krashen's Input Hypothesis, Long's Interaction Hypothesis, and Swain's Output Hypothesis.
  • Explores the reasons behind differing learner progress and fossilization in language acquisition.
  • Highlights the importance of comprehensible input in facilitating language acquisition.
  • Emphasizes negotiation of meaning as a key component for understanding language beyond current levels.
  • Identifies the role of meaningful output in deepening learners' processing of linguistic forms.

Cite This Study

Keith Johnson (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a45fecd9ed134303130f727https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003470960-7
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1FROM INPUT TO OUTPUT: THE IMPACT OF INTERACTION IN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN A MANDARIN-SPEAKING ENVIRONMENT2024
  2. 2Quantifiable Aspects of Language Acquisition2025
  3. 3Some views of language and language learning2026
  4. 4Krashen’s Input Hypothesis Revisited: Current Perspectives and Future Directions2024 · 1 citations
  5. 5Interaction and instructed second language acquisition2018 · 367 citations