What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to compare the flow and thermal behaviors of ternary and tetra-hybrid Carreau–Yasuda nanofluids in a pulsatile inclined porous channel.

July 3, 2026ZAMM ‐ Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik

Pulsatile Flow of Ternary and Tetra‐Hybrid Carreau–Yasuda Nanofluids in an Inclined Porous Channel With Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux

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JJJ. JosuvaVellore Institute of Technology University RRR. Hemadri ReddyVellore Institute of Technology University AKA. KavithaVellore Institute of Technology University

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Implication

Randomized trial examines thermal performance of nanofluids in a porous channel, indicating effectiveness for biomedical applications.

Key Points

This research aims to compare the flow and thermal behaviors of ternary and tetra-hybrid Carreau–Yasuda nanofluids in a pulsatile inclined porous channel.
Examined flow governed by the Darcy–Forchheimer model with effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and heat flux.
Used blood-based nanofluids infused with nanoparticles like gold and silver for improved thermal performance.
Applied perturbation approach to transform PDEs into ODEs, solving numerically with MATLAB's 'bvp4c' solver.
Tetra-hybrid nanofluid showed significantly higher heat transfer rates due to improved thermal performance with varying heat sources.
For exponential heat sources, heat transfer rate gains were substantial; specific metrics are not quantitatively detailed in the abstract.
Superior performance metrics for tetra-hybrid nanofluids in steady velocity, thermal profile, Nusselt number, and lower entropy production compared to ternary systems.

Cite This Study

Josuva et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a4753c55c29257aa2579cea https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.70514

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Pulsatile Flow of Ternary and Tetra‐Hybrid Carreau–Yasuda Nanofluids in an Inclined Porous Channel With Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux

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Cite This Study

Pulsatile Flow of Ternary and Tetra‐Hybrid Carreau–Yasuda Nanofluids in an Inclined Porous Channel With Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux

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