Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and its Application as Nanofertilizer

Nanotechnology represents a rapidly expanding global market. Achieving eco-friendly, high-yield, cost effective, and sustainable production of nanoparticles remains a significant hurdle. This research addresses these challenges by employing Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract and chlorophyll as natural reducing and capping agents for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For a comparison, synthesis of AgNPs was carried out by a chemical approach where trisodium citrate and polyvinyl alcohol were used as the reducing and capping agents respectively. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-spectrophotometric analysis, which revealed a characteristic absorption peak localized between 420 and 450 nm. To assess the efficacy of AgNPs as nanofertilizers, their impact on the seed germination of Triticum aestivum (wheat) was systematically evaluated. Subsequent analysis revealed that the green synthesized AgNPs exhibited superior efficacy compared to their chemically synthesized counterparts. Triticum aestivum seeds treated with biogenic AgNPs displayed significant enhancements in physiological and biochemical markers, including increased root and shoot elongation, as well as elevated levels of sugar, protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoids. Thus, green synthesized AgNPs possess the ability of nanofertilizer and can be used for agricultural applications.