Evaluation of public transport systems from the perspective of users and traffic: The case of Ankara

This study evaluates Ankara's public transport systems from the perspectives of user satisfaction and their impact on urban traffic. The rising number of private vehicles and poor integration between transport modes have significantly worsened traffic congestion in the city. Data collected from a survey of 742 participants were analyzed using SPSS to assess both the contribution of public transport to traffic flow and users’ perceptions of service quality. The findings suggest that while public transport makes a modest yet meaningful contribution to easing congestion—particularly during peak hours—its effectiveness is undermined by shortcomings in route planning and vehicle capacity. Moreover, service quality, punctuality, and ease of transfers emerged as key factors influencing user satisfaction.