Development of a multifunctional layered scaffold system to inhibit periodontal infection and promote bone regeneration: characterisation and in vitro evaluation

The presented study deals with the design of a new, advanced combination treatment of periodontitis by developing a multi-functional layered scaffold system incorporating a polymeric gel with tetracycline hydrochloride and hydroxyapatite. It has been characterised for physicochemical properties, release kinetics, stability, antibacterial efficacy, cytocompatibility, and osteogenic potential. Sustained zero-order drug release over 16 days, with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9791, was obtained, along with potent antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis (MIC: 39 µg/mL; inhibition zone: 19.6 ± 0.15 mm). Furthermore, the formulation was stable at both room temperature and refrigerated conditions. In vitro analysis in MG63 cells exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and significant osteogenic potency as reflected in ALP activity and mineralised nodule formation. Hence, the multifunctional layered scaffold system (MLSS) provides localised antimicrobial delivery along with the facilitation of bone regeneration, promising a dual-therapy approach for the management of periodontal disease. Further in vivo validation is necessary.