Abstract This study investigates the thermal management performance of a 4S2P lithium-ion battery pack immersed in a dielectric fluid under three distinct flow field configurations: no fins, circular fins, and triangular fins. A multiphysics simulation framework using ANSYS Fluent was implemented to model fluid flow and heat transfer, with a focus on achieving optimal cooling efficiency and thermal uniformity. The designs were evaluated across multiple volumetric flow rates to determine the conditions required to maintain the optimal pack temperature near 30°C from the ambient (25°C). Results indicate that the triangular-fin configuration achieved the optimal battery pack temperature at a comparatively lower flow rate of 5 LPM and pressure drop of 289 Pa, outperforming both the circular-fin and no-fin configurations. Furthermore, the triangular fins produced the most uniform temperature distribution, as evidenced by the lowest thermal gradient of 2.0°C, compared to circular fins and no-fin configuration. Velocity streamline visualizations confirmed superior coolant dispersion in the triangular fin design, minimizing stagnant zones and enhancing convective heat transfer. The findings demonstrate that triangular fins offer an optimal trade-off between flow rate efficiency and thermal performance, making them the most effective among the tested configurations for immersion-cooled battery packs.
S. Hemavathi (Fri,) studied this question.