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July 6, 2026CureusOpen Access

Complement Component 4D (C4d) Staining in Lupus Nephritis: Correlating Renal Histopathological Features With Clinical Presentation and Short-Term Outcomes

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Authors

NANoureen AminBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityABAmit BariChild Health Research FoundationMIMuhammad Nazrul IslamBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

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Overview

Observational study evaluates C4d staining's relevance for renal outcomes in lupus nephritis, suggesting its prognostic potential.

Key Points

  • This study aims to evaluate the clinical relevance of C4d staining in biopsy-proven lupus nephritis and its correlation with disease severity.
  • Conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from September 2021 to August 2022.
  • Enrolled 45 adults with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis, with follow-up of 43 patients.
  • Performed histopathological assessment and C4d staining based on ISN/RPS classification.
  • 97.7% of patients exhibited hematuria and 58.1% showed renal impairment.
  • C4d deposition correlated significantly with SLEDAI scores and histological activity indices (p<0.05).
  • C4d intensity was associated with increased SLEDAI scores, indicating its prognostic utility.

Cite This Study

Amin et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a4b453d997070ff83b5b20fhttps://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.112010
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Glomerular Capillary C4d Staining in Native Kidney Biopsies: Associations with Proteinuric Phenotype and Reduced Likelihood of Early Proteinuria Remission2026
  2. 2C4d Is an Independent Predictor of the Kidney Failure in Primary IgA Nephropathy2024 · 6 citations
  3. 3Research on the correlation between rash and complement C3, C4 levels and the occurrence and development of lupus nephritis2024
  4. 4Immuno-histochemical Assessment of Anti-CD45 Staining: A Predictor of Disease Activity and Short-Term Outcome in Lupus Nephritis2026
  5. 5Immunohistochemical expression of CD138 as a marker of B cell activity in renal biopsy in lupus nephritis patients2025