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July 6, 2026CureusOpen Access

Complement Component 4D (C4d) Staining in Lupus Nephritis: Correlating Renal Histopathological Features With Clinical Presentation and Short-Term Outcomes

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Authors

NANoureen AminABAmit BariMIMuhammad Nazrul Islam

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Overview

Observational study evaluates C4d staining's relevance for renal outcomes in lupus nephritis, suggesting its prognostic potential.

Key Points

  • This study aims to evaluate the clinical relevance of C4d staining in biopsy-proven lupus nephritis and its correlation with disease severity.
  • Conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from September 2021 to August 2022.
  • Enrolled 45 adults with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis, with follow-up of 43 patients.
  • Performed histopathological assessment and C4d staining based on ISN/RPS classification.
  • 97.7% of patients exhibited hematuria and 58.1% showed renal impairment.
  • C4d deposition correlated significantly with SLEDAI scores and histological activity indices (p<0.05).
  • C4d intensity was associated with increased SLEDAI scores, indicating its prognostic utility.

Cite This Study

Amin et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a4b453d997070ff83b5b20fhttps://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.112010
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