Heart failure promotes gingival inflammation and impairs periodontal remodeling

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Association between heart failure (HF) and oral health status Quantification of oral health status parameters stratified by the absence (blue) or presence (red) of heart failure (HF).

• 

  Fig. 2. Logistic regression for the association between heart failure and self reported indicators oral health. Forest plot showing odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between individual oral health indicators and prevalence of heart failure. Models are based on logistic regression analyses and are adjusted for age, sex, coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, hsCRP, smoking, diet, education, income and alcohol use.

• 

  Fig. 3. Association of impaired cardiac function with periodontal health in a mouse model of heart failure (TAC-induced HF 10 weeks after surgery versus sham operated mice). (A) Correlation between LV-EF and accrued PDL space volume (SHAM - blue squares, TAC-HF – red circles) for the maxillary alveolar bone. (B,C) Correlation between LV-EF and Trabecular thickness (B) or trabecular number (Tr.Number) (C) for the maxillary alveolar bone. (D) Representative 3D reconstructions of micro-CT scans of the maxilla (region of the 1st up to 3rd molar tooth) in SHAM (DI) mice and TAC-HF (DII) mice. Thickness of the PDL space of the 1st molar tooth (M1) is color-coded, ranging from thinner regions (green), through moderate thickness (blue), to the thickest areas (red). Morphological assessment of alveolar bone within the M1 socket of the maxilla (volume of interest, red area DIII) in SHAM mice (DIV) and TAC-HF mice (DV). Trabecular thickness (Tr.Thickness) is color coded from thinner trabeculae (green), through moderate trabeculae (blue), to the thickest trabeculae (red). (E) Correlation between LV-EF and accrued PDL space volume (SHAM - blue squares, TAC-HF – red circles) for the mandibular…

• 

  Fig. 4. Adverse induction of inflammatory marker in the gingiva of the maxilla and mandible Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of inflammatory and macrophage-associated marker gene expression in maxillary (left panel) and mandibular (right panel) tissues from sham-operated mice (Sham, red) and mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC, blue). mRNA expression levels of Il1b, Tnfa, Tgfb, and Adgre1 (F4/80) are shown, normalized to Actb. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by a two-tailed t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Sham n=2-3 and TAC: n=5-7 animals.