Not Just Mass: Expanding Space Also Curves Light and Drives Orbital Motion (Gravitational Flux Transport Networks, v6.6)

Version 6.6 of the Expansion Freedom Theory series. CENTRAL CLAIM:Expanding space (H²r) curves light andcontributes to orbital speeds — not mass alone.This is the unavoidable corollary of theexpansion-rotation principle: anything thatexpands toward a passing body curves its path.Mass expands (GM/A_eff); space itself expands(H²r). Both bend light. Both drive orbits.Dark matter is the residual produced whenthe H²r contribution is omitted. NEW IN v6.6: (1) EXPANSION ROTATION — FOUR EFFECTS:When a mass expands toward a passing body,four effects determine the path:① Approaching-face effect (GM/r²)② Tangential-escape effect (v_t)③ Surface-flattening effect κ = 1 + 3v_t²/c² CRITICAL: both speed v_t AND mass size r determine whether the lateral surface is seen. Mercury (slow but Sun is small): κ > 1 → closed orbit. Outer-disk star (fast but galaxy is huge): effectively stationary from galaxy frame, κ ≈ 1 → spiral infall, not orbit. Light (v_t = c, κ = 4): δφ = 4GM/bc² (twice Newton).④ Conformal effect: a_space is the invisible expanding background of all observation. Scale vanishes; angle survives. This angular residual curves Mercury's path. (2) TWO EQUATIONS — TWO PERSPECTIVES:a_space = H²r + GM/A_eff (mass perspective,mechanism equation)a_matter = H²r - GM/A_eff (passing-bodyperspective, phenomenological equation —what Newton measured when the expandingbackground was invisible). (3) SURVIVAL SPEED PRINCIPLE:v²(r) = GM·r/A_eff(r) + H²r²The H²r² term (absent from Newton, GRwithout Λ, and MOND) explains:- Flat rotation curves (A_eff term)- Outer velocity rise (H²r² term)- Dark matter fraction ∝ H²r³/GM (same scaling from rotation curves AND lensing, zero free parameters) (4) GRAVITATIONAL LENSING — THREECONTRIBUTIONS:δφ_total = δφ_mass + δφ_path + δφ_spaceSpace expansion itself bends light atcluster scales. Dark matter fraction atclusters scales as H²r³/GM — the sameparameter-free prediction as rotation curves.Bullet Cluster explained without dark matter. (5) SPIRAL ARMS AS INFALL TRAJECTORIES:Outer-disk stars are in slow spiral infall,not closed orbits. Arm direction matchesinfall (same as rotation direction), nottrailing drag — confirmed by observation.Standard rotation-curve measurements assumev_r = 0; the infall component produces asystematic blueshift excess on the approachingarm, a testable prediction. (6) WHY GRAVITATIONAL LOGIC BREAKS DOWN:At small scales H²r ≈ 0 → Newton exact.At large scales H²r ∝ r → deficit appears.Dark matter is the name given to this deficit. CONSISTENT WITH:All v6.5.1 results (Mercury perihelion 43"/cy,flat rotation curves, GR as expansion snapshot).GR recovered as H²r → 0 limit.Quantitative SPARC fitting deferred to v6.7. PREDECESSOR: v6.5.1 (Zenodo, June 2026)https://zenodo.org/records/20958269