Key result
IHD in women spans diverse obstructive and nonobstructive conditions varying across the life cycle.
Why the study?
Young women fare worse with ischemic heart disease due to a more complex spectrum and substantial sex-based differences across risk factors, presentation, and pathophysiology.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
This review highlights the complex spectrum of ischemic heart disease in women, emphasizing the need for increased recognition and tailored management of non-obstructive and microvascular coronary conditions.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both genders; however, young women fare the worst, likely reflecting the more complex spectrum of IHD in women when compared to men. Substantial sex-based differences exist in the underlying risk factors, risk enhancers, presentation, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of IHD that are mainly attributed to the influence of female sex hormones. This article reviews the spectrum of IHD including obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary artery disease, ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary microvascular dysfunction, vasospastic angina, and coronary thrombosis/embolism that occur in women throughout various stages of their life cycle. We aim to update clinicians on the diagnosis and management of these various types of IHD and highlight where further randomized controlled studies are needed to determine optimal treatment and inform guideline-directed medical therapy.
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Gowda et al. (2024) conducted a review in Ischemic heart disease. Ischemic heart disease in women encompasses a complex spectrum of obstructive and nonobstructive conditions that vary significantly throughout a woman's life cycle.
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