The Politics of Queer Recognition Framework for refining youth sexualities empowerment programmes: a theoretical case study

Where social norms are cis-hetero-patriarchal, youth sexualities empowerment programmes can provide inclusive spaces for queer people’s recognition. Key evaluative questions, however, are not only whether sexual and gender diversity is spoken to but also how. This paper introduces a Politics of Queer Recognition Framework (PQRF) and a template analysis for identifying and refining inclusivity in youth sexualities empowerment programmes. Questions posed include: What forms of recognition, nonrecognition and misrecognition are evident? How is intersectional recognition engaged with? How is recognisability represented? A theoretical case study methodology is used to illustrate the framework with materials from a South African programme. Findings revealed that recognition was effected through definitions; using factual language; assuming that sexual and gender diversity is common and speaking in inclusive ways. While misrecognition (through confining or demeaning portrayals) was not evident, non-recognition (cisnormativity, heteronormativity and binary gendered understanding) sat uncomfortably beside recognition. Where intersectional recognition appeared, reference was made to race and/or class, ignoring other forms of social differentiation. Terms of recognisability (historical and political circumstances of recognition) included outlining the legislative environment, interpersonal discrimination, and overarching power relations. The case study demonstrates how the PQRF can help youth sexualities empowerment programmes to review their materials to promote inclusivity.