Bridging Ancient Wisdom and Modern Nanoscience: A Review of Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem) Characterization of Ayurvedic Formulations

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a useful and modern analytical tool for the evaluation and standardization of Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulations. In the present review, the importance of SEM for determining the particle size, surface morphology, microstructural features, and elemental composition of different Ayurvedic preparations, such as Bhasmas, Kajjali, and Rasa, has been highlighted. Published literature was collected from peer-reviewed articles on Ayurveda and pharmaceutical sciences that are relevant to the study. This review covers the principles, types, working mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of SEM and its emerging use in Ayurvedic research. The results of various studies have shown the presence of micro- and nanosized particles in various formulations, which reinforces classical Ayurvedic concepts such as Sukshmata and Rekhapurnatva. In addition, SEM-EDAX/EDS has been found to be useful for elemental analysis, purity checking, and quality control. Overall, SEM provides a valuable link between traditional Ayurvedic practices and their scientific validation, ensuring the safety, standardization, and acceptance of Ayurvedic formulations in the global market.