Ultrasound Evaluation and Biological Assessment of Zinc‐Doped Hydroxyapatite for Antimicrobial Applications

In this study, undoped and zinc‐doped hydroxyapatite ( x Zn = 0; 0.4; H‐LF and 4ZH‐LF) were synthesized by an adapted method (and dried by lyophilization) and characterized through a series of analytical techniques in order to evaluate their stability, morphological, and biological properties. Ultrasound measurements (US) were conducted to assess the stability of the 4ZH‐LF gel produced. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology of the 4ZH‐LF pellets. A complementary study was also carried out on a larger sample surface using a Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM). Atomic force microscopy was used to obtain images of their surface topography. The antimicrobial activity of H‐LF and 4ZH‐LF pellets was also assessed against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strain. The results demonstrated that 4ZH‐LF exhibited a significant antibacterial effect against this strain. Our findings highlight the importance of ultrasonic techniques in the characterization of 4ZH‐LF as a potential candidate for bone regeneration with improved antimicrobial features.