Each 1-g/d increment in sodium excretion was not associated with CHD risk overall (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.98-1.18; P=0.15), but increased risk in subjects with hypertension or elevated NT-proBNP.
Cohort (n=7,543)
Does higher sodium excretion increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease in adults free of cardiovascular and kidney disease?
While overall sodium excretion was not associated with incident coronary heart disease in a general population, higher sodium intake may increase risk in susceptible individuals with hypertension or elevated NT-proBNP.
Hazard Ratio: 1.07 (95% CI 0.98–1.18)
p-value: p=0.15
BACKGROUND: Despite compelling evidence for sodium's adverse effects on blood pressure, it remains uncertain whether excess sodium intake is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in the overall population and in potentially more susceptible subgroups. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively followed 7543 adults aged 28 to 75 years and free of cardiovascular and kidney disease in 1997/1998 of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) study. Sodium excretion was measured in two 24-hour urine collections at baseline. Potential susceptibility factors were blood pressure and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Median 24-hour sodium excretion was 137 mmol (Q1-Q3, 106-171 mmol). During a median follow-up of 10.5 (Q1-Q3: 9.9-10.8) years, 452 CHD events occurred. In the entire cohort, there was no association between each 1-g/d (43 mmol/24 h) increment in sodium excretion and CHD risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.18; P=0.15). However, the association of sodium excretion with CHD risk tended to be modified by mean arterial pressure (Pinteraction=0.08) and was modified by NT-proBNP (Pinteraction=0.002). When stratified, each 1-g/d increment in sodium excretion was associated with an increased risk for CHD in subjects with hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.28; n=2363) and in subjects with NT-proBNP concentrations above the sex-specific median (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.30; n=3771). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there was no association between sodium excretion and risk of CHD. The association between sodium excretion and CHD risk was modified by NT-proBNP. Higher sodium excretion was associated with an increased CHD risk among subjects with increased NT-proBNP concentrations or with hypertension.
Joosten et al. (Wed,) conducted a cohort in Coronary heart disease (n=7,543). Sodium excretion was evaluated on Coronary heart disease events (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98-1.18, p=0.15). Each 1-g/d increment in sodium excretion was not associated with CHD risk overall (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.98-1.18; P=0.15), but increased risk in subjects with hypertension or elevated NT-proBNP.