Application of Modern Biopolymer-Based Biomaterials in Endodontic and Restorative Dentistry: A Clinical and Experimental Analysis

The rapid development of biomaterial science has significantly influenced modern dental practice by introducing biopolymer-based materials capable of enhancing tissue regeneration, improving biocompatibility, and optimizing clinical outcomes. Unlike conventional restorative materials, contemporary biopolymers possess biological properties that actively support healing processes while minimizing inflammatory responses. This review analyzes the clinical and experimental applications of natural and synthetic biopolymer-based biomaterials in endodontic and restorative dentistry. Particular attention is given to collagen, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, gelatin, silk fibroin, and biodegradable polymer composites that have demonstrated promising regenerative potential. Recent experimental studies indicate that these biomaterials improve pulp tissue regeneration, dentin repair, antimicrobial activity, and adhesive performance while maintaining favorable physicochemical characteristics. Furthermore, advances in nanotechnology, tissue engineering, and three-dimensional bioprinting have expanded the therapeutic possibilities of biopolymer-based scaffolds for personalized dental treatment. The available evidence suggests that modern biopolymers represent an important step toward biologically oriented dentistry by combining structural support with regenerative capacity. Continued interdisciplinary research is expected to further improve the clinical effectiveness and long-term performance of these biomaterials.