Private School Choice and Student Performance in English/Language Arts: Evidence from Wisconsin’s Parental Choice Programs

This study examines the association between participation in Wisconsin’s private school choice programs and English Language Arts achievement using longitudinal administrative data from 96,241 students tested in 2018–2019 and 2022–2023. Propensity score matching compares voucher participants with similar public-school students, with exposure measured by years of participation. Sustained participation is positively associated with achievement growth. Statewide program participants gained approximately 0.14 standard deviations overall and 0.35 standard deviations after four or more years. Similar patterns appear in Racine. Findings suggest evaluations of school choice should emphasize long-term participation rather than short-term outcomes alone.