Characterization of the Term “Wandering” in Dementia-Related Research: A Scoping Review

"Wandering", commonly associated with dementia, is inconsistently defined in the literature. This scoping review examined definitions of wandering among persons living with dementia. We conducted a scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's framework using seven databases with keywords "dementia," "wandering," and "terminology." Articles of any year or study design were eligible if they referenced wandering in the context of dementia. Of 1,888 articles identified, 116 met the inclusion criteria. Publications defining the term wandering increased over the last three decades, representing seven categories: aimless walking, normal routine walking for pleasure, elopement, critical wandering, disorientation in spatial navigation, combined definitions, and other. A shared, person-centered definition that includes the perspectives of persons living with dementia would promote an acceptable understanding. As "wandering" carries stigma, its use varies across countries, resulting in inconsistent approaches for research and practice.