This research analyzes the impact of fastener failure on wheel-rail dynamics, suggesting implications for track maintenance.
With the continuous increase in the operational speed and load density of high-speed railways, fastener failure and train uneven load have become key factors affecting the dynamic performance of the wheel-rail system. Previous research has mostly focused on the macroscopic response to fastener failure, lacking systematic comparison of the system's frequency response characteristics under different fastener failure modes and uneven load conditions. To address this issue, this paper establishes a three-dimensional coupled track-wheelset finite element model to simulate various types of major fastener damage and different uneven load conditions. Through implicit dynamic time-history analysis and Fourier transform, the evolution of the system's dynamic characteristics within the 0∼1000 Hz frequency band is studied. The results show that continuous fastener damage can excite new characteristic frequencies, while uneven load significantly alters the system's frequency-domain structure and vibration energy distribution. The research reveals the influence mechanism of fastener failure and uneven load on the vibration behavior of the wheel-rail system, providing a theoretical basis for track condition monitoring and maintenance.
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Wang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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