Determinants of sport and physical activity participation among community-dwelling older adults in Aotearoa New Zealand

This study synthesizes existing literature on participation in sport and physical activity among community-dwelling older adults in Aotearoa New Zealand using a scoping review methodology. It examines participation patterns, barriers, and enablers, while providing insights to enhance older New Zealanders’ engagement in movement. Across the 22 included studies, participation levels were generally low, with activity declining markedly with advanced age and concentrating on informal forms of movement rather than structured sport. Barriers operated across personal, social, and environmental contexts, whereas enablers reflected the importance of social connection, institutional support, cultural relevance, and flexible program design. Kaupapa Māori-led and culturally grounded approaches, including waka ama and kapa haka, were shown to promote holistic wellbeing and sustained engagement, yet remain underrepresented in mainstream research. Despite New Zealand’s strong welfare infrastructure and established aging-policy environment, the current literature is fragmented and dominated by gray literature, limiting theoretical development and critical analysis. This study highlights the need for more robust scholarly investigation to advance understanding of how cultural, structural, and policy contexts shape movement in later life.