Applications and Challenges of Laser Marking Technology in Agriculture

Laser marking technology employs a high-energy-density laser beam to irradiate material surfaces along a predefined path. Through photothermal, photochemical, or photomechanical effects, it can generate clear and machine-readable surface marks without physical contact. Previous studies have indicated that this technology has considerable potential for identification, quality and safety management, and traceability in agriculture. This review systematically summarizes the core components of agricultural laser marking systems, including lasers, beam delivery systems, and modulation units. It explains the principal laser–material interaction mechanisms and classifies the resulting marking forms. In addition, it comprehensively examines research progress and applications of laser marking technology in plant systems, animal systems, processed foods, and food packaging. Finally, this review analyzes the key advantages and current challenges of this technology. It also proposes future directions for applying laser marking in agricultural production.